Mapping Early American Elections

Maryland House of Delegates, 1822

In 1822, Maryland elected eighty representatives to the state’s House of Delegates. At least eleven of them were Federalists, at least thirty-eight of them were Democratic-Republicans, and at least four of them were part of a faction within the Republican party.

Members of Maryland’s House of Delegates were chosen through popular elections. Each of Maryland’s nineteen counties elected four members using a county-level at-large method. Annapolis and the City of Baltimore each elected two members.

Maryland’s election for the Eighteenth U.S. Congress was also held in 1822, resulting in a high voter turnout for both elections.

Like elsewhere in the country, the declining power of the Federalists in the 1820s caused a splintering of Maryland’s Democratic-Republicans into various factions. In Annapolis and Ann Arundel County, caucus and anti-caucus factions vied for control. Many former Federalists and disillusioned Republicans who disapproved of the Democratic-Republicans’ caucus method of choosing candidates for election, joined together to oppose the Republican machine with their own ballot of anti-caucus candidates. The 1822 state legislative election in Ann Arundel County was a close contest, and resulted in the election of two caucus and two anti-caucus members to the House of Delegates.

Maryland had three legislative bodies: The House of Delegates, which was elected annually in October and had eighty members; a State Senate, comprised of fifteen members, chosen every five years in early September; and a Governor’s Council made up of five members chosen yearly by the Legislature.

District Candidate Party Vote Percentage Elected
Allegany Thomas Greenwell Democratic-Republican 638 24.7% ✓
Allegany John A. Hoffman Democratic-Republican 599 23.2% ✓
Allegany Thomas Pollard Democratic-Republican 516 20% ✓
Allegany Benjamin Tomlinson Democratic-Republican 493 19.2% ✓
Allegany Thomas Cresap 332 12.9%
Annapolis City Jeremiah Hughes 152 34.5% ✓
Annapolis City Thomas H. Carroll 147 33.3% ✓
Annapolis City Lewis Duvall 139 31.5%
Anne Arundel William H. Marriott Caucus 814 18.6% ✓
Anne Arundel Rezin Estep Caucus 766 17.5% ✓
Anne Arundel Abner Linthicum Anti-Caucus 742 17% ✓
Anne Arundel George Howard Anti-Caucus 723 16.6% ✓
Anne Arundel Samuel Brown Caucus 679 15.5%
Anne Arundel Henry Woodward Caucus 644 14.7%
Baltimore John T. H. Worthington 1,292 17.4% ✓
Baltimore William F. Johnson 1,216 16.4% ✓
Baltimore Tobias E. Stansbury 1,155 15.6% ✓
Baltimore Edward Orrick 1,013 13.6% ✓
Baltimore Adam Showers 992 13.4%
Baltimore Hugh Sly 962 13%
Baltimore John B. Snowden 793 10.7%
Baltimore City John P. Kennedy 4,136 34% ✓
Baltimore City Robert Purivance 2,851 23.4% ✓
Baltimore City Alexander C. Bullitt 2,557 21%
Baltimore City Robert W. Gill 1,053 8.6%
Baltimore City David Stewart 1,050 8.6%
Calvert James A. D. Dalrymple Democratic-Republican ✓
Calvert Mordecai Smith Democratic-Republican ✓
Calvert Richard Roberts Democratic-Republican ✓
Calvert Sutton J. Weems Democratic-Republican ✓
Caroline John Boon Democratic-Republican 671 21% ✓
Caroline David Casson 530 16.6% ✓
Caroline Thomas Saulsbury 528 16.6% ✓
Caroline Joseph Douglass 517 16.2% ✓
Caroline Samuel Culbreth Federalist 411 12.9%
Caroline Jacob C. Wilson 274 8.6%
Caroline Richard Chambers 209 6.6%
Cecil Daniel Sheredine Democratic-Republican 1,123 30.5% ✓
Cecil William Craig, Jr. Democratic-Republican 1,038 28.2% ✓
Cecil Caleb Parker 770 20.9% ✓
Cecil James Gerry 749 20.9% ✓
Dorchester John N. Steele Democratic-Republican 811 22.3% ✓
Dorchester Bartholomew Byus 780 21.5% ✓
Dorchester John Willis 751 20.7% ✓
Dorchester Roger Hooper 748 20.6% ✓
Dorchester Daniel Sullivan Federalist 308 8.5%
Dorchester Thomas Bell Democratic-Republican 232 6.4%
Frederick Other candidates 21,260 136.3%
Frederick Henry Kemp Democratic-Republican 2,090 13.4% ✓
Frederick John Fisher Democratic-Republican 2,080 13.3% ✓
Frederick William Bantz Democratic-Republican 2,038 13.1% ✓
Frederick Henry Baker Democratic-Republican 1,867 12% ✓
Frederick John T. Brooke Democratic-Republican 1,377 8.8%
Frederick Beal C. Stinchcomb Democratic-Republican 1,082 6.9%
Frederick Robinson Eastburn Democratic-Republican 1,004 6.4%
Frederick Francis Thomas Federalist 998 6.4%
Harford Alexander Norris 1,140 17.1% ✓
Harford John Chauncey 982 14.8% ✓
Harford William H. Allen 981 14.7% ✓
Harford William Whiteford 895 13.5% ✓
Harford Thomas A. Hayes 864 13%
Harford Thomas W. Bond 773 11.6%
Harford Abel Anderson 736 11.1%
Kent Joseph Ireland, Jr. Democratic-Republican 520 23.6% ✓
Kent Isaac Cannell Democratic-Republican 464 21.1% ✓
Kent William H. Ringgold Democratic-Republican 436 19.8% ✓
Kent Benjamin Massey Democratic-Republican 407 18.5% ✓
Kent William S. Lassell Democratic-Republican 343 15.6%
Montgomery Washington Duvall Federalist 739 14.7% ✓
Montgomery Archibald Lee Federalist 725 14.4% ✓
Montgomery Elisha T. Williams Federalist 717 14.2% ✓
Montgomery John A. T. Kilgour Federalist 681 13.5% ✓
Montgomery Richard T. Watts Democratic-Republican 582 11.6%
Montgomery John Thomas Democratic-Republican 580 11.5%
Montgomery George Gaither Democratic-Republican 555 11%
Montgomery John Cook Democratic-Republican 453 9%
Prince George’s Benjamin B. Mackall Democratic-Republican 472 27.1% ✓
Prince George’s Benedict I. Semmes Democratic-Republican 428 24.5% ✓
Prince George’s Henry Culver Democratic-Republican 424 24.3% ✓
Prince George’s William T. Wooten Democratic-Republican 420 24.1% ✓
Queen Anne’s James Roberts 651 18.3% ✓
Queen Anne’s William E. Meconekin 568 16% ✓
Queen Anne’s Henry E. Wright 539 15.2% ✓
Queen Anne’s Henry R. Pratt 497 14% ✓
Queen Anne’s Charles R. Nicholson 432 12.2%
Queen Anne’s Richard P. Moffett 429 12.1%
Queen Anne’s John Hollingsworth 267 7.5%
Saint Mary’s John L. Millard Federalist 557 20.7%
Saint Mary’s John L. Millard Federalist 557 20.7% ✓
Saint Mary’s George S. Leigh Federalist 536 19.9% ✓
Saint Mary’s Joseph Stone Democratic-Republican 476 17.7% ✓
Saint Mary’s Samuel Maddox Federalist 413 15.3% ✓
Saint Mary’s William H. Llewellen Federalist 365 13.6%
Saint Mary’s George Plater Federalist 226 8.4%
Somerset Littleton D. Teackle Federalist 747 17.3% ✓
Somerset Joshua Bratten Democratic-Republican 674 15.6% ✓
Somerset Littleton J. Dennis Federalist 540 12.5% ✓
Somerset Levin R. King Federalist 509 11.8% ✓
Somerset John H.D. Waters Federalist 484 11.2%
Somerset Henry K. Long Federalist 481 11.1%
Talbot Theodore R. Loockerman Democratic-Republican 806 22.2% ✓
Talbot Edward Lloyd, Jr. Democratic-Republican 777 21.4% ✓
Talbot Nicholas Martin Democratic-Republican 683 18.8% ✓
Talbot Thomas Kemp Democratic-Republican 679 18.7% ✓
Talbot James C. Wheeler Democratic-Republican 415 11.4%
Talbot Stephen Darden Federalist 272 7.5%
Washington Other candidates 1,651 19.8%
Washington Thomas Kennedy Democratic-Republican 1,476 17.8% ✓
Washington Ignatius Drury Democratic-Republican 1,127 13.6% ✓
Washington Elie Williams Federalist 1,072 12.9% ✓
Washington Thomas Kellar Democratic-Republican 996 12% ✓
Washington Henry Fouke Democratic-Republican 767 9.2%
Washington Otho H.W. Stull Federalist 687 8.3%
Washington Ezra Slifer Federalist 522 6.3%
Worcester John P. Slemaker Democratic-Republican 1,000 23.7% ✓
Worcester William Spence Democratic-Republican 948 22.5% ✓
Worcester Irving Spence Democratic-Republican 941 22.3% ✓
Worcester Henry Franklin, Jr. Democratic-Republican 931 22.1% ✓
Worcester Henry Dickenson Federalist 401 9.5%

In most cases, only candidates who received more than 5 percent of the vote in a district are reported. Other candidates are reported as a group, but only if they in aggregate received more than 5 percent of the vote. In addition, percentages for each district may not add up to 100 percent due to rounding. The term Dissenting Republican includes various breakaway factions of the Democratic-Republican party.

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“Maryland House of Delegates, 1822,” Mapping Early American Elections, https://earlyamericanelections.org/maps/meae.staterepresentative.1822.md.county.html

Mapping Early American Elections is generously funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities and developed by the Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media at George Mason University.

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